.newsletter-section {
    padding: 40px 20px;
    background: #303030;
    color: #fff;
    height: 120px;
    display: flex;
    justify-content: center;
    align-items: center;
  }

  .newsletter-container {
    display: flex;
    flex-wrap: wrap;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 15px;
    max-width: 800px;
    width: 100%;
  }

  .newsletter-label {
    white-space: nowrap;
    font-weight: 500;
    letter-spacing: 2px;
  }

  .newsletter-form {
    flex: 1;
    display: flex;
    border: 1px solid #aaa;
    border-radius: 6px;
    overflow: hidden;
  }

  .newsletter-form input {
    flex: 1;
    padding: 10px 15px;
    border: none;
    background-color: #2d2d2d;
    color: #fff;
  }

  .newsletter-form input::placeholder {
    color: #ccc;
  }

  .newsletter-form button {
    background-color: #3398db;
    color: #fff;
    border: none;
    padding: 10px 20px;
    letter-spacing: 1px;
  }

  .newsletter-form button:hover {
    background-color: #2c89c6;
  }

  @media (max-width: 576px) {
    .newsletter-container {
      flex-direction: column;
      align-items: stretch;
    }

    .newsletter-label {
      text-align: center;
    }
  }

  /* tile section css */

  .grid-container {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr 1fr 1fr; /* 4 equal columns */
    grid-template-rows: auto auto;
    gap: 10px;
  }
  
  .grid-container > div {
    text-align: center;
    font-size: 30px;
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: center;
    height: 100%;
  }
  
  .item1 {
    grid-row: 1 / 3; /* spans 2 rows */
    grid-column: 1;
  }

  .item1 img , .item6 img {
    object-fit: cover;
    width: 360px;
  }
  .item2 img , .item3 img ,.item4 img , .item5 img{
    object-fit: cover;
    width: 165px;
  }
  
  .item2 {
    grid-row: 1;
    grid-column: 2;
  }
  
  .item3 {
    grid-row: 1;
    grid-column: 3;
  }
  
  .item4 {
    grid-row: 2;
    grid-column: 2;
  }
  
  .item5 {
    grid-row: 2;
    grid-column: 3;
  }
  
  .item6 {
    grid-row: 1 / 3; /* match height of item1 */
    grid-column: 4;
  }

  .detail{
    background: url(../Images/newone2.jpg);
    background-position: top right;
    background-repeat: no-repeat;
  }

  /* .grid-container {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: repeat(4, 1fr);
    grid-template-rows: auto auto;
    gap: 10px;
    padding: 1rem;
  }
  
  .grid-container > div {
    text-align: center;
    font-size: 20px;
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: center;
    height: 100%;
  }
  
  .item1, .item6 {
    grid-row: 1 / 3;
  }
  .item6 {
    grid-column: 4;
  }
  
  .item1 img , .item6 img {
    object-fit: cover;
    width: 360px;
  }
  .item2 img , .item3 img ,.item4 img , .item5 img{
    object-fit: cover;
    width: 165px;
  } */
  /* .item1 img, .item6 img {
    object-fit: cover;
    width: 100%;
    height: 100%;
    max-height: 100%;
  }*/
  
  /* .item2 img, .item3 img, .item4 img, .item5 img {
    object-fit: cover;
    width: 100%;
    height: auto;
  } 
  
  .detail {
    background: url(../Images/newone2.jpg);
    background-position: top right;
    background-size: cover;
  }
   */
  /* Medium screens: stack into 2 columns */
  /* @media (max-width: 1024px) {
    .grid-container {
      grid-template-columns: repeat(2, 1fr);
      grid-template-rows: auto;
    }
  
    .item1, .item6 {
      grid-row: auto;
      grid-column: span 2;
    }
  
    .item2, .item3, .item4, .item5 {
      grid-column: span 1;
    }
  } */

  
  /* Small screens: stack in single column */
  /* @media (max-width: 600px) {
    .grid-container {
      grid-template-columns: 1fr;
    }
  
    .grid-container > div {
      grid-column: auto;
      grid-row: auto;
    }
  } */
  

  .inner-heading{
    font-size: 110px;
    font-family: 'Montserrat', sans-serif;
    text-align: center;
    text-transform: uppercase;
    line-height: 1;
    letter-spacing: -5px;
    color: #4698dd;
  }

  /* latestnews css */

  .blog-container {
    max-width: 1200px;
    margin: 0 auto;
    padding: 20px;
  }
  .card-default {
    background: #fff;
    border: none;
    border-bottom: 1px solid var(--light-color);;
    border-radius: 0px;
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: row;
    align-items: flex-start;
    margin-bottom: 40px;
    overflow: hidden;
  }
  .image-default {
    width: 300px;
    height: auto;
    object-fit: cover;
    flex-shrink: 0;
  }
  .content-default {
    padding: 20px;
    flex: 1;
  }
  .title-default {
    font-size: 1.4em;
    font-weight: bold;
    margin-bottom: 10px;
    color: #333;
  }
  .date-default {
    font-size: 0.9em;
    color: #888;
    margin-bottom: 15px;
  }
  .read-more-btn {
    display: inline-block;
    padding: 10px 20px;
    background-color: #3498db;
    color: #fff !important;
    text-decoration: none;
    border-radius: 4px;
    transition: background 0.3s;
  }
  .read-more-btn:hover {
    background-color: #2980b9;
  }
  @media (max-width: 768px) {
    .card-default {
      flex-direction: column;
    }
    .image-default {
      width: 100%;
    }
  }

  /* biography css */
  .speaker-image{
    width:300px; 
    float: left; 
    margin-left:0px; 
    margin-right:10px; 
    margin-top:0px; 
    margin-bottom:0px; 
    object-fit: cover;
  }

  /* / Gallery Styles / */
.gallery_container {
  max-width: 1200px;
  margin: auto;
  padding: 20px;
}
.gallery_item img {
  width: 100%;
  height: 300px;
  object-fit: cover;
  border-radius: 5px;
  transition: transform 0.3s ease;
}
.gallery_item:hover img {
  transform: scale(1.05);
}
.mfp-container {
  max-width: 100vw;
  max-height: 100vh;
  margin: auto;
}


.robot-check-box {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: space-between;
  border: 1px solid #ccc;
  border-radius: 4px;
  padding: 10px;
  width: 320px;
  background-color: #f9f9f9;
}
.robot-check-box input[type="checkbox"] {
  width: 20px;
  height: 20px;
  margin-right: 10px;
}
.robot-check-label {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
}
.robot-icon {
  width: 50px;
  height: 50px;
  background: url('https://www.gstatic.com/recaptcha/api2/logo_48.png') no-repeat center;
  background-size: contain;
}


.image-card {
    position: relative;
      overflow: hidden;
    display: inline-block;
}

.thumbnail-image {
    width: 100%;
    display: block;
     transition: transform 0.4s ease;
}
.image-card:hover .thumbnail-image {
    transform: scale(1.1); /* Zoom in slightly */
}
.play-button {
    position: absolute;
    top: 50%;
    left: 50%;
    transform: translate(-50%, -50%);
    width: 100px;
    height: 100px;
    pointer-events: none; /* Allows click-through */
}

.item2 {
  position: relative;
  display: inline-block;
  width: fit-content;
}

.item2 img {
  display: block;
  width: 100%;
  height: auto;
}

.overlay {
  position: absolute;
  top: 0;
  left: 0;
  width: 100%;
  height: 100%;
  background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.6); /* semi-transparent black */
  display: flex;
  justify-content: center;
  align-items: center;
  opacity: 0;
  transition: opacity 0.3s ease;
}

.overlay-text {
  color: white;
  font-size: 20px;
  text-align: center;
}

.item2:hover .overlay {
  opacity: 1;
}
.hover-zoom {
    transition: transform 0.2s ease-in-out; 
}


.hover-zoom:hover {
    transform: scale(1.1); 
}
.buyButton {
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 10px; /* Space between icon and text */
    padding: 12px 24px;
    font-size: 16px;
    font-weight: bold;
    background-color: #f7c52d; /* Amazon-like button color */
    color: #000;
    border: none;
    border-radius: 8px;
    transition: transform 0.4s ease, background-color 0.4s ease, box-shadow 0.4s ease; /* Smooth animations */
    cursor: pointer;
    box-shadow: 0px 4px 6px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); /* Initial shadow */
    position: relative;
    overflow: hidden; /* Clip any overflow for effects */
    height: 35px;
}

.buyButton img {
    height: 20px;
    width: 20px;
    transition: transform 0.4s ease; /* Smooth icon animation */
}

.buyButton:hover {
    transform: scale(1.1) rotate(1deg); /* Slight rotation and zoom */
    background-color: #e6b220; /* Darker shade on hover */
    box-shadow: 0px 8px 15px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2); /* Larger shadow */
}

.buyButton:hover img {
    transform: scale(1.2); /* Enlarge the icon slightly */
}

.buyButton::before {
    content: "";
    position: absolute;
    top: 0;
    left: -100%;
    width: 200%;
    height: 100%;
    background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.2); /* Highlight effect */
    transform: skewX(-30deg); /* Skewed highlight */
    transition: left 0.6s ease; /* Smooth movement */
}

.buyButton:hover::before {
    left: 100%; /* Move highlight across the button */
}

.buyButton:hover span {
    color: #fff; /* Change text color on hover */
}

/* Certificate Card Styling */
.Certificate-card {
    /* height: 100%;
    width: 100%; */
    width: 420px;
    height: 400px;
    background: #fff;
    backdrop-filter: blur(10px);
    border-radius: 15px;
    transition: transform 0.3s ease, box-shadow 0.3s ease;
    box-shadow: 0 2px 4px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1);
    margin: 10px 10px;
    padding: 20px 0px;
}

.Certificate-card:hover {
    border: 0.5px solid #ff8000;
    transform: translateY(-5px);
    box-shadow: 0px 10px 20px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);
}
.JournelIcon {
    border: 1px solid #ff8000;
    height: 60px;
    width: 100px;
    border-radius: 3px;
    display: flex;
    justify-content: center;
    align-items: center;
}

.JournelIcon img {
    height: 45px;
    width: 60px;
    border-radius: 5px;
}
.floating-container {
    background-color: #fff;
    /* border: 1px solid #bfbfbf; */
    border-radius: 10px;
    /* box-shadow: 0 10px 20px rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.4), 0 6px 6px rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.3); */
    transform: translateY(0);
    transition: transform 0.3s ease, box-shadow 0.3s ease;

}
.Award-col {
    min-height: 478px;
}

.Awards01Img {
    height: 100px;
    width: 250px;

}

.pats01Img {
    height: 120px;
    width: 120px;

}

.Certificate01Img {
    height: 150px;
    width: 150px;

    padding: 10px;
    border-radius: 5px;
}

.Awards02Img {
    height: 100px;
    width: 100px;
}
.CertificateImg {
    height: 500px;
    width: 700px;
    border: 1px solid #000;
    padding: 20px;
    border-radius: 10px;
}

/* Research Card Styling */
.ResearchCard {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fit, minmax(300px, 1fr));
    gap: 15px;
    width: 100%;
    max-width: 1000px;
    margin: 30px 0px;
}

/* Certificate Card Styling */
.Certificate-card {
    /* height: 100%;
    width: 100%; */
    width: 420px;
    height: 400px;
    background: #fff;
    backdrop-filter: blur(10px);
    border-radius: 15px;
    transition: transform 0.3s ease, box-shadow 0.3s ease;
    box-shadow: 0 2px 4px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1);
    margin: 10px 10px;
    padding: 20px 0px;
}

.Certificate-card:hover {
    border: 0.5px solid #ff8000;
    transform: translateY(-5px);
    box-shadow: 0px 10px 20px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);
}

.Conference-card {
    /* height: 100%;
    width: 100%; */
    width: 420px;
    height: 450px;
    background: #EEF9FF;
    backdrop-filter: blur(10px);
    border-radius: 15px;
    transition: transform 0.3s ease, box-shadow 0.3s ease;
    box-shadow: 0 2px 4px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1);
    margin: 10px 10px;
    padding: 20px 0px;
}

.Conference-card:hover {
    transform: translateY(-5px);
    box-shadow: 0px 10px 20px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);
}




/* Main Card Styling */
.mainCard {
    margin: auto;
    background-color: #ffffff;
    color: #000;
    max-width: 441px;
    width: 100%;
    border: 1px solid #ddd;
    min-height: 178px;
}

@media (max-width: 460px) {
    .mainCard {
        width: 90%;
    }
}
.news-button {
    display: inline-block;
    padding: 10px 20px;
    background: linear-gradient(to right, #ff4400, #e38800);
    color: white;
    font-weight: bold;
    text-decoration: none;
    border-radius: 30px;
    transition: all 0.3s ease;
    box-shadow: 0 4px 6px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1);
    position: relative;
    overflow: hidden;
}

.news-button:hover {
    background: linear-gradient(to right, #e38800, #ff4400);
    transform: translateY(-2px);
    box-shadow: 0 6px 12px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);
    color: white;
}

.recommendation-card {
    border: 1px solid #ddd;
    border-radius: 8px;
    padding: 15px;
    margin: 20px auto;
    min-height: 230px;
    background-color: #fff;
    font-family: Arial, sans-serif;
    box-shadow: 0 2px 4px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1);
}

.profile-section {
    display: flex;
    align-items: flex-start;
    gap: 15px;
    flex-wrap: wrap;
}

.profile-pic {
    width: 60px;
    height: 60px;
    border-radius: 50%;
    object-fit: cover;
}

.profile-info {
    flex: 1;
}

.profile-info h4 {
    margin: 0;
    font-size: 1rem;
    font-weight: bold;
    color: #000;
}

.designation {
    font-size: 0.9rem;
    color: #555;
    margin: 5px 0 0 0;
}

.reporting {
    font-size: 0.8rem;
    color: #888;
    margin-top: 4px;
}

.recommendation-text {
    margin-top: 15px;
    line-height: 1.5;
    font-weight: 500;
}

/* Responsive Adjustments */
@media (max-width: 600px) {
    .profile-section {
        flex-direction: column;
        align-items: center;
        text-align: center;
    }

    .profile-info {
        text-align: center;
    }

    .recommendation-text {
        text-align: center;
    }
}

@media (min-width: 992px) { /* Large screens and up */
    .col-lg-custom-5 {
        flex: 0 0 20%;
        max-width: 20%;
    }
}

@media (min-width: 768px) and (max-width: 991.98px) { /* Medium screens */
    .col-lg-custom-5 {
        flex: 0 0 33.3333%;
        max-width: 33.3333%;
    }
}

@media (max-width: 767.98px) { /* Small screens */
    .col-lg-custom-5 {
        flex: 0 0 50%;
        max-width: 50%;
    }
}

@media (max-width: 575.98px) { /* Extra small screens */
    .col-lg-custom-5 {
        flex: 0 0 100%;
        max-width: 100%;
    }
}